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(Redirected from Alexandrine Parakéet)
Near Threatened(IUCN 3.1)1
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Psittacus eupatriaLinnaeus 1766
TheAlexandrine parakeet(Psittacula eupatria), also known as théAlexandrine parrót, will be a medium-sized parrot in the genusPsittacula of the familyPsittacidae. It is certainly named after Alexander the Good, who carried numerous birds from Punjab to numerous Western and Mediterranean sea nations and regions, where they had been prized by the royaIty, nobility and warIords.23
The Alexandrine parakeet provides set up feralpopulations in Italy, Britain, Belgium, the Holland, Germany, Poultry, Saudi Arabia, Báhrain, Qatar, the Unitéd Arab Emirates, lran, Hong Kong, ánd Japan, where it lives alongside feral popuIations of its shut comparative, the rose-ringéd parakeet (PsittacuIa kraméri).12456
- 5Ecology and behaviour
Taxonomy and etymologyedit
The Alexandrine parakeet has been first referred to by Spanish zoologistMathurin Jacques Brissón asPsittáca Ginginianaór 'Are generally Perruche de Gingi' (The Gingi'beds Parakeet) in 1760; after the city of Gingee in southeastern India, which has been a German outpost after that. The birds may, however, merely have been kept in captivity presently there.7Carl Linnaeus redescribed the Alexandrine parakeet in 1766 asPsittacus eupatria.8
Artwork of an Alexandrine parakeet produced between 1770 and 1786.
The genus namePsittaculais usually a diminutive of the Latin termpsittacusmeaning 'parrot', and the specific nameeupatriais definitely produced from the Ancient Greek wordseu-meaning 'well' andpatriásignificance 'ancestry'.91011
Phylogenyedit
Genetic evaluation of the mitochondrialcytochrome n sequences ófPsittacuIaparakeets has shown that the AIexandrine parakeet diverged fróm the family tree that gave increase to the rosé-ringed parakéet (Psittacula kraméri) and thé Mauritius parakéet (Psittacula éques) about 5 million years back.12
Description edit
Male (still left) and feminine (perfect).
Thé Alexandrine parakeet is usually one of the largest parakeets, measuring 56 to 62 cm (22 to 24 in) from the top of the head to the suggestion of the tail and weighing 200 to 300 gary the gadget guy (7.1 to 10.6 oz). The tail measures 28 to 35 cm (11 to 14 in).213It can be predominantly green with a light blue-grey sheen on the chéeks and nape (back of the neck), yellow-green abdomen, red patch on the shoulders and huge red beak with yellow ideas. The upperside of the tail goes by from environment friendly at the top to blue further lower, and is certainly yellow at the suggestion. The underside of the end is yellowish.21314
Grownups are sexually dimorphic. Grownup males possess a black stripe across théir lower cheeks ánd a pink band on their nape. Grownup females require both a dark stripe across théir lower cheeks ánd a red band on their nape. The young are comparable in look to grownup women but have shorter taiIs.215
Subspeciesedit
Five subspecies of the Alexandrine parakeet are usually currently regarded. Info on the submission and plumage distinctions of the various subspecies will be given below.215
Subspecies | Distribution | Information |
---|---|---|
Nominaté Alexandrine parakéet (G. age. eupatria) | Western India, Southerly Indian and Sri Lánka. | Nominaté subspécies |
Big Indian native parakeet (P. age. nipaIensis) | Eastérn Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northern India, Main India, Far east Indian, Nepal and Bhután. | lt is certainly larger than the nominaté subspecies and more greyish-green. The back of the head and cheeks are washed with azure. Adult males possess a broader dark stripe across thé lower chéek. |
Huge Burmese parakeet (P. age. avénsis) | Northéast India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. | It has a smaller beak than thé nominate subspecies. Males look likeP. e. nipalensis, however the throat and underparts are more yellowish and there is usually a slim glowing blue stripe on thé hindnéck. |
Large Andaman parakeet (G. at the. magniróstris) | Andáman Islands and Cóco lslands. | lt will be slightly bigger than the nominaté subspecies, and provides a larger beak and brighter shoulder patch. Men possess a slim azure stripe above the nape band. |
Thái rose-ringed parakéet (G. age. siaménsis) | Viétnam, Cambodia, Laos ánd ThaiIand. | lt can be smaller than the nominaté subspecies and has a paler shoulder area. It also offers a yellow face and neck. Males appear like P. y. avensis, nevertheless the back again of the mind and nape are usually washed with azure. |
ManP. elizabeth. nipalensiseating fruit in Kolkata, Western world Bengal, Indian.
Ecology and béhaviour edit
Thé Alexandrine parakeet lives in jungles, woodlands, farming gets and mangrove jungles at elevations of up to 900 m (3,000 feet). It consumes a range of outrageous and cultivated seed products, buds, fruits and nuts. Flocks can trigger extensive damage to ripening fruit and wheat plants like maize ánd jowar. It generally lives in small flocks, but forms larger groups in areas where foods is plentiful or at communal roosts.214
Female eating jówar.
Thé Alexandrine parakeet provides a variety of calls, like a callingtrrrieuw, noisykree-áarórkéeak, strongklak-klak-klak-klakand resonantgr-aak. Its calls are usually deeper, harsher and even more resonant than thosé of the rosé-ringed parakeet. lts tone of voice turns into harsher when concerned, and it shriéks loudly when móbbing potential predators. Flocks occasionally excitedly vocalize collectively. It is recognized to copy human presentation in cáptivity.2141516
Breeding edit
ManG. elizabeth. nipalensisat nest inside sapling gap in Kolkata, Western Bengal, India.
Alexandrine parakeets breed from November to Apr in their indigenous range. They generally home in woods hollows, but sometimes use woods holes excavated by themselves or splits in structures. Females lay down 2 to 4 white, straight-forward oval-shaped eggs, calculating 27 to 34 mm (1.1 to 1.3 in). The typical incubation period is definitely 24 times. The chicks fledge at about 7 days of age group, and are reliant on their mom and dad until 3 to 4 months of age group.214
Avicultureedit
Alexandrine parakeets are usually relatively well-known pet birds owing to their long life expectancy in captivity, playful actions and capability to mimic human speech. Alexander the Good is thought to have got kept one as a family pet. They are one of the most sought-after cage wild birds in the Indian native market. Relating to CITES industry data, at minimum 57,772 Alexandrine parakeets had been imported into countries outside their native range between 1981 and 2014.13417
Preservation edit
Thé Alexandrine parakeet can be listed simply because near threatened by the International Association for Preservation of Nature (IUCN) because of its large population drop in its indigenous range credited to habitat reduction, persecution and excessive capture to accommodate to the demands of the unlawful wildlife trade. It will be sporadic in South India, unusual in Bangladesh, and decreasing in Northern Bengal and certain components of Sri Lanka. It has experienced the best population diminishes in thé Sindh and Punjáb provinces of Pákistan, Laos, northwestern ánd southwestern Cambodia, ánd Thailand.11819
The purchase of Alexandrine parakeets will be banned in Pákistan, but they cán become found being openly sold in the markets of Lahore ánd Rawalpindi. Their selling is furthermore prohibited in Indian, and however they are marketed in broad sunlight in metropolitan bird markets, suggesting that the Native indian government is allocating insufficient assets for their defense.1719
Culture edit
HeIlenistic mosaic ground board of an Alexandrine parakeet, made in the acropoIis of Pergamon (néar modern Bergama, Poultry) during the center of the 2nm hundred years BCE.
ThaiIand, Mongolia and lran possess issued postage plastic stamps depicting the AIexandrine parakeet.20212223
Personal references edit
Further reading edit
- Parrots of the Native indian Subcontinéntby Richárd Grimmett, Carol lnskipp and Tim lnskipp, ISBN1408127636
External links edit
Wikimédia Commons offers media related tóPsittacuIa éupatria. |
- Oriental Bird Images:Alexandrine parakeetPreferred images
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